The present Set-up is designed to measure the emissivity of test plate. The test plate comprises of a mica heater sandwiched between two circular plates. Black plate is identical with test plate, but its surface is blackened. As all the physical properties, dimension and temperature are equal; heat losses from both plates will be same except radiation loss. Hence the input difference will be due to difference in emissivity. Both plates are supported on individual brackets in a wooden enclosure with one side glass to ensure steady atmospheric conditions. Temperature Sensors are provided to measure the temperature of each plate and surrounding. Supply is given to heaters through separate variacs so that temperatures of both can be kept equal and is measured with Digital Voltmeter and Digital Ammeter.

Experiments

• Determining the Emissivity of a test plate.
• Study the variation of emissivity of test plate with respect to absolute temperature.

Utilities Required

• Electricity Supply: 1Phase, 220 VAC, 4 Amp.
• Table for set-up support

The apparatus is designed to determine, the Stefan Boltzmann constant. The apparatus consists of a hemisphere fixed to a Bakelite plate, the outer surface of which forms the jacket to heat it. Hot water to heat the hemisphere is obtained form a hot water tank, which is fixed above the hemisphere. The copper test disc is introduced at the center of hemisphere. The temperatures of hemisphere and test disc are measured with the help of temperature sensors.

Experiments

• Determination of Stefan Boltzmann constant and study the effect of hemisphere temperature on it

Utilities Required

• Electricity Supply: 1Phase, 220 VAC, 4 Amp.
• Table for set-up support

Condensation is a phase change heat transfer process occurring in many industrial applications, such as in steam power plants, refrigeration plants etc. Thus this is one of the important heat transfer process present in mechanical and chemical engineering application. The condensation of Vapour on a surface is of two types: 1. Drop wise Condensation. 2. Film wise Condensation. This set up is designed for finding heat transfer co-efficient of two types of condensation and for visualization of these processes. It consists of a vertical frame. Condensation tubes are fitted inside compact glass cylinder. Steam generator is fitted at the backside of the cylinder. Steam comes directly from generator to cylinder. Two valves are fitted to control flow rate of water in individual tubes. Digital Temperature Indicator monitors temperatures. Pressure gauge and Rotameter can observe steam pressure and cold, water flow rates respectively. A Digital temperature Controller is provided for controlling the temperature of Steam. Water level indicator is provided to safeguard the heater. Condensate is measured by measuring cylinder.

Experiments

• To study the Film wise & Drop wise condensation of steam on a vertical surface
• Visualization of condensation process in drop wise as well as film wise

Utilities Required

• Water supply 5 lit/min (approx.)
• Electricity Supply: 1Phase. 220 V AC. 1.5 kW
• Table for set-up support

Heat exchanger is devices in which heat is transferred from one fluid to another. The apparatus consists of a concentric tube heat exchanger. Hot water flows through inner tube in one direction only and cold water flows over the inner tube in outer tube. Direction of cold fluid flow can be changed from parallel or counter to hot water so that unit can be operated as parallel or counter flow heat exchanger. Flow rates of hot and cold water are measured using Rotameters. A magnetic drive pump is used to circulate the hot water from a re-cycled type water tank, which is fitted with heaters and Digital Temperature Controller.

Experiments

• To calculate the following parameters both for parallel and Counter flow arrangement.
• To find the rate of heat transfer
• To calculate the LMTD Overall heat transfer co-efficient.
• To compare the performance of Parallel and Counter flow heat exchanger

Utilities Required

• Water supply 10 lit/min (approx.) and drain
• Electricity Supply: 1Phase, 220 V AC, 3 kW
• Floor area 2 m x 0.6m

Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger are popular in industries because they occupy less space and offer reasonable temperature drop. The apparatus consists of fabricated SS shell, inside which copper tubes with baffles on outer side are fitted. This is two-pass heat exchanger so that hot water passes to one end of shell through the tubes and returns to another end through remaining tubes. The cold water is admitted at the one end of shell, which passes over the hot-water tubes. Valves are provided to control the flow rates of hot and cold water. Flow rates of hot and cold water are measured using Rotameters. A magnetic drive pump is used to circulate the hot water from a re-cycled type water tank, which is fitted with heaters and Digital Temperature Controller.

Experiments

• The main object of the experimental setup is to study the following at various flow rates:
  • LMTD. .
  • Heat transfer rate
  • Overall Heat Transfer Co-efficient

Utilities Required

• Water supply 20 lit/min (approx.) and drain
• Electricity Supply: I Phase, 220 V AC, 4 kW
• Floor area of 1.5m x 0.75 m

Heat exchangers are widely used in various industries. Finned tube Heat Exchanger is a Tube-in-tube type heat exchanger. The inner tube is of carper tube with fins on the outside surface. Hot water flows through inner tube and cold fluid flows over the inner tube in outer tube. The flow rate of hot & cold fluid is measured with the help of measuring cylinder &stopwatch. Inlet and outlet temperatures of fluids are measured with the help of digital temperature indicators. A magnetic drive pump is used to circulate the hot water from a re-cycled type water tank, which is fitted with heaters and Digital Temperature Controller.

Experiments

• To calculate the LMTD
• To find Heat transfer rate
• To find out overall heat transfer co-efficient.

Utilities Required

• Water supply 10 lit/min (approx.) Drain.
• Electricity Supply: I Phase, 220 V AC, 5 kW.
• Floor area of 1.75m x 1m

Shell & Tube type condensers are widely used in various industries. The present set-up offers us a comparative study of Vertical & Horizontal condenser, which can be operated simultaneously. Condensers are fabricated Stainless steel shell, inside which copper tubes are fitted. Cold fluid enters from one end of the tubes and come out of the other. Hot fluid that is steam is admitted at the one end of shell passes over the cold-water tubes. Valves are provided to control the flow rates of cold fluids.

Flow rate of cold water is measured by using Rotameter. Shell is fitted with steam traps from where condensate is collected in measuring cylinder. Temperature of inlet and outlet of both hot & cold fluids are measured by temperature sensors

Experiments

• To determine the overall Heat Transfer Co-efficient experimentally and compare it with the value obtained from standard correlation.
• To make a comparative study of Vertical & Horizontal Condenser

Utilities Required

• Water supply 20 lit/min (approx.) and drain.
• Electricity Supply: 1Phase, 220 V AC, 4 kW.
• Floor area of 1.5m x 1m

Shell & Tube type condensers are widely used in various industries. The present set-up offers us a comparative study of Vertical & Horizontal condenser, which can be operated simultaneously. Condensers are fabricated Stainless steel shell, inside which SS tubes are fitted. Cold fluid enters from one end of the tubes and come out of the other. Hot Water from a hot water bath is pumped to the one end of shell passes over the cold-water tubes. Valves are provided to control the flow rates of hot & cold fluids.

Flow rate of hot & cold water is measured by using Rotameters. Temperature of inlet and outlet of both hot & cold fluids are measured by temperature sensors.

Experiments

• To determine the overall Heat Transfer Co-efficient experimentally and compare it with the value obtained from standard correlation.
• To make a comparative study of Vertical & Horizontal Condenser

Utilities Required

• Water supplies 20 lit/min (approx.) and drain.
• Electricity Supply: 1Phase, 220 V AC, 4 kW.
• Floor area of 1.5m x 1m

In most industrial processes including reactors, heat is to be added or extracted to control the process. The addition and removal of heat is done by passing steam in jacket fitted to the outside of the vessel or passing cold. Water in helical coil inside the vessel. For effective heat transfer and even distribution of heat, the liquid inside is continuously agitated. The present set-up offers us. A comparative study of Jacket & Helical coil, which can be operated simultaneously. It is a stainless steel jacketed vessel inside which, a helical coil of copper is fitted. A variable speed stirrer is fitted in vessel. The system is such designed that either steam or water is allowed to enter inside anyone of the jacket and helical coil by an arrangement of control valves. Variation in temperature of inside water is measured and is noted. Set-up is fitted with steam traps for condensate collection.

Flow rate of water can be controlled and measured using valve and Rotameter. Temperature of inlet and outlet of both hot & cold fluids are measured by temperature sensors.

Experiments

• To determine the overall heat transfer co-efficient for various degree of agitation
• To make a comparative study of Heat Transfer through Jacket & Coil in an agitated vessel

Utilities Required

• Water supply 20 lit/min (approx.) and Drain.
• Electricity Supply: 1 Phase, 220 V AC, 5.kW.
• Floor area of 1.5m x 1.5m

The apparatus consists of a small test cylinder. The cylinder is heated by a constant temperature water bath, till steady state is reached. During heating, temperature of the cylinder is function of time and hence, heating of cylinder is unsteady state heat transfer. The temperature of cylinder is measured with the help of temperature sensor inserted in the center. The hot water bath is provided with a heater and is controlled by digital temperature controller. An agitator is also provided to maintain the constant temperature.

Experiments

• To calculate the Biot number, Fourier number and to calculate the heat transfer coefficient
• To plot Heisler Chart for the given sa1l1pleof cylindrical solid

Utilities Required

• Electricity Supply: 1 Phase, 220 V AC, I kW.
• Bench area of 1.5m x 1.5m